Non-typical Stuff | Deer Hunting & Management

Spotlight Surveys for White-tailed Deer

The importance of estimating a white-tailed deer herd on an annual basis is critical to any ranch interested in deer management. And although several survey types (methods) should be combined to get the most accurate deer population estimate, I prefer to use spotlight surveys to estimate the deer density on any given ranch. With that said, deer spotlight surveys on properties less than 400 acres in size become less reliable. The smaller the ranch, the more I shy away from using spotlight routes. This is not necessarily because the methodology is bad, but because smaller ranches have fewer roads. Fewer roads equates to shorter spotlight survey routes and data that is less reliable.

But it can get even worse, especially if a property owner tries to create more survey length by looping around in a smaller area. Surveying smaller properties increases the potential of counting deer in one area, then looping around and counting them again in another area. To accurately estimate deer density on any ranch, animals can not be repeatedly counted along the route. I refer to the importance of maintaining and recording data on individual deer herds all of the time, but I’ve never mentioned exactly how a spotlight survey should be conducted. We are going to fix that today. If you are interested in getting the best white-tailed deer density estimate possible, then this is how a spotlight survey should be performed. Continue reading “Spotlight Surveys for White-tailed Deer”

Fawns are Twins, But Not Identical

Most people, including me, find any variation in white-tailed deer quite intriguing. In fact, most hunters and deer managers even select for certain characteristics, specifically when in comes to antler configuration. Depending on the individual hunter, they may look to harvest bucks with really wide antler spreads, bucks with numerous points, bucks with non-typical antlers, or very old deer. Color is also selected for by hunters because if the opportunity presents itself, many hunters will not hesitate to harvest a uniquely-colored deer. However, I do not know of any individual or ranch that manages for deer color.

Although there is some amount of color variation between all living whitetail, we all know what a white-tailed deer should look like. They are usually some variation of brown on top with white under the body, on the throat-patch, around the eyes and nose, and let’s not forget the white under the tail. After all, they are white-tailed. We know how a deer should look, but this is exactly why any color variation, even minor, sticks out. We, as predators, pick up on any abnormality or weakness exhibited by deer. This is why we do not see many white albino deer or black melanistic deer–they occur rarely, and when they do, these deer are removed from the population by hunters or natural predators. That is unless these deer are found in protected areas, such as urban or suburban areas.

Such is the case with the city of Austin, Texas. Melanistic deer naturally occur in this area and show up again year after year. Black-colored deer occur throughout the United States in very small numbers, but apparently the gene pool for melanistic deer is well-stocked in Austin. From a genetic standpoint, this makes sense. The “normal” color observed in deer is the result of dominant genes. Any variation in that color is caused by abnormal, or recessive genes. Just as many deer management programs spare certain bucks to concentrate genes for specific traits, the melanistic deer in Austin, Texas, have been spared because they live in a developed area.

This has allowed the very recessive genes for black hair, at least in white-tailed deer, to be passed on in a “protected” area with little to no predators. And although these genes are concentrated, the genes are recessive and do exist in an open population. So not every deer is melanistic, but melanistic deer can occur when melanistic deer, or deer that carry melanstic genes (but look normal), breed. The take home message as it relates to deer management on your property is that certain genes–even rare ones–can be increased within a population if managed and protected.

Antler Growth in White-tailed Deer

Testosterone levels control just about everything on a white-tailed buck, including antler growth and development. During this time of year, a buck’s testosterone level is quite low, but those levels will begin to increase as summer comes to an end and the fall season rolls around. Testosterone levels will peak just prior to the rut. It is during that time when bucks become very aggressive towards one another, establish breeding dominance, and prepare for the rut. That time of year can be rough on a whitetail buck.

When I received this photo of three white-tailed bucks in my inbox a couple weeks ago, the sender wrote that the deer on the left and the right (in the photo above) were bucks. I zoomed in for a closer look and noticed that not only two, but that in fact all three of the deer were bucks. And the photo makes sense because whitetail bucks have low testosterone during the spring and summer, and they can stand to be around one another.

This is the reason for spring and summer bachelor groups. Furthermore, does tend to be more solitary leading up to fawning season. Does will not associate with bucks, or other does for that matter, until several days to a couple of weeks after the fawns are born.

Whitetail Deer Management: Three whitetail bucks take a drink on the outskirts of Houston

There are other reasons, besides low testosterone, why bucks will not fight very much during the spring and summer. It is because their antlers are quite fragile. Growing antler material is basically is pre-formed cartilage, so trying to fight each other while in velvet would be like butting their noses together. It would not feel good and there would be a lot of blood shed.

Bucks, even with velvet-covered antlers, still have minor disagreements. They, however, settle these spats by standing on their hind legs and using their front legs to kick in the same manner that we often see does fight. Bucks fight only in this particular manner when in velvet during the antler growing period. During the remainder of the year bucks may fight in this manner but often choose head-to-head combat.

Whitetail bucks change drastically between spring-summer and the fall season. With rising testosterone levels, antlers complete their growth and bucks are spurred to shed velvet and rub on trees and shrubs. This rubbing activity and increase in testosterone creates noticeable changes in a buck’s body. During the spring and summer bucks have doe-like necks. With decreased hormones and no antlers up top — and no one willing to fight —their neck muscles shrink in size.

However, increased testosterone and antler rubbing soon condition a buck’s front-end and neck into a fighting machine, typical of what most hunters expect to see during the hunting season. This conditioning helps individual bucks compete for does and helps them submit does, as well. After all, during the rut hunters often see does running away from the bucks!

Whitetail bucks change drastically between the breeding season and the “off season.” These physical changes, in terms of their body and antler growth, are related to an individual buck’s testosterone level. Bucks have low levels of testosterone during the antler growing period and high levels of testosterone just before and during the breeding season.

These physical changes can make it difficult for most hunters to estimate the age of a deer on the hoof during the summer months, but whitetail bucks quickly “whip themselves into shape” for the big show as fall approaches.

Mountain Lion Really Killed This Buck

Mountain Lion Dragging Buck

Have you seen the game camera photo of a mountain lion that killed a buck at or near a feeder? It seems quite amazing that the lion and his kill were caught on camera. However, the mountain lion dragging buck photo appears to be legit. It’s rather lucky photo for the owner of the game camera, but not as fortunate for the buck.

Readers of this site know that I normally write about deer management and anything related to hunting white-tailed deer. In addition, I do my best to get the facts correct before publishing content that I feel is accurate and helpful to hunters and landowners managing the deer and habitat found on their hunting properties.

Well, about a month ago I wrote an article that featured the photo below. It’s a perfect game camera photo of a mountain lion dragging a dead buck directly in front of a feeder. It seemed so perfect, I stated that surely the photo was a fake. As it turns out, the mountain lion dragging a buck photo is not fake. Rather, it’s an actual, amazing trail camera photo taken on a ranch in South Texas.

This photo caught a mountain lion near a feeder after killing a whitetail buck

Mountain Lion Kill Caught on Camera

Every deer hunter that has spent any amount of time in the woods, or more appropriately around a campfire with other hunters, has heard stories related to mountain lion sightings. This can include the alleged black panther sightings that your buddy/uncle/friend/nephew claims he saw, too. The stories always get better as the night goes on.

One of the best things about getting outdoors and into the wildlife woods is that you really never know what you are going to see. And speaking from experience (and the mountain lion photos further below), there are some amazing things going on outside all of the time. After all, nature never really sleeps.

Photos, like campfire stories, are not always truthful. Before writing the first article about this photo of a mountain lion dragging a buck, I did a little research regarding the photo. If this photo had been faked, it would not have been the first. To make a long story short, someone initially admitted that they had “made” the photo. Just to get some attention, someone actually claimed to have faked a real-to-life photo. Wow.

Mountain Lion Dragging Buck After Kill

As it turns out, the real owner of the mountain lion photo saw the article, contacted me, gave me the real story that took place on his South Texas property and even provided me with additional photos to corroborate the mountain lion kill.

The ranch owner even said he found the whitetail buck’s head and remains about 6 weeks after these game camera photos were taken. He confirmed that the buck had been killed by the lion.

The photos below are in time succession and show a deer fleeing the area prior to the buck being killed. You can even see the drag marks in the dirt after the mountain lion walks right in front of the game camera. A truly remarkable occurrence, especially since it was caught on film. A special thanks to Chet Markgraf for his story and these photos!

Photos Document Lion & Whitetail Buck

Mountain Lion Dragging Buck in Photo

Mountain Lion Attacks Buck

Mountain Lion Kills Buck at Feeder

Video: Mountain Lion Kills Deer

Hunting Land in Texas is Shrinking

The popularity of white-tailed deer hunting in recent decades has not only spurred an increase in deer management, but also a greater demand for deer hunting lands. And since everyone in the United States lives in a supply and demand economy, the price of whitetail hunting has continued to rise year after year. Unless a hunter owns his or her own property, they either know someone who does (that lets them hunt) or they are forced to lease private land for deer hunting.

If you’ve looked for a lease lately you know that quality hunting leases are getting harder and harder to find. In addition, many have found themselves priced-out of deer hunting. So what if I told you that the amount of huntable land in Texas could decline because of new legislation?

Well, Senate Bill 1742 and House Bill 3766 could do just that, to some extent, by increasing the buffer area between hunting lands and “occupied” areas. In short, this legislation proposes to increase the minimum size of a huntable tract with a rifle from 10 acres to 50 acres. Not only could this legally prohibit some hunters from hunting their own property because of suburban sprawl, but these new laws would also inhibit the ability of landowners to control white-tailed deer numbers, particulary in the Texas Hill Country. Continue reading “Hunting Land in Texas is Shrinking”