Deer Management | Buck Manager

Texas Deer Hunters Have One Last Shot

The General Deer Hunting Season has ended across much of Texas, but whitetail hunters still have an opportunity to take some deer during the Special Late General Season for spike bucks and antlerless deer. Although deer are very wary right now after a full season of being hunted, the late season gives deer managers one last chance to harvest the few remaining deer needed to achieve their deer harvest goals. Now, not all Texas counties have a Late Season in place for white-tailed deer, but most 5 deer counties do have the special season that runs from January 5-18. Make sure to review your county’s deer hunting regulations before heading out into the field.

As valuable as Texas’ Late Season may be for some hunters, it’s not the only option for harvesting white-tailed deer outside the General Season. For deer managers looking for some additional flexibility, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has the Managed Lands Deer Program (MLDP) that not only allows for an early start in some cases, for the early harvests of does, spikes, and other undesirable bucks, but for an extended season that runs until the end of February. I would recommend that any landowner interested in sound deer harvest and habitat management look into the specifics of the MLDP program. The winter weather is cold as I write, so deer are moving. Get out there and take advantage of Texas’ late season — and pray for rain!

Small Acreage Deer Management: Part 2

Small Acreage Management Continued

Part one of this two part series on small acreage deer management discussed how selective harvest on properties less than 500 acres in size is difficult to control. Most deer in an area have home ranges that encompass neighboring ranches. The best remedy for combating the small acreage dilemma is to create cooperative, working with adjacent ranches to increase the quantity, and ideally quality, of land under a common white-tailed deer management program.

Increasing the reach of a small acreage management program is the first priority of any small landowner, or even large landowner for that matter. I also want to touch on the other important deer herd issues that were asked about in the first part of this series—estrus cycles, spikes, and buck to doe ratio.

Deer Management & Herd Parameters

First, with regard to the estrus cycles of deer, whitetail does cycle every 28 days. Late-born fawns result from does that cycle later than normal, or does bred on their second or third estrus cycle into the breeding season. Although born later than usual, late-born whitetail fawns are not genetically inferior to fawns born earlier in the fawning season.

In addition, research has shown that fawning date is not a factor in the antler production of yearling (1 1/2 year old) white-tailed bucks. Genes are genes and can not be changed, but antler production is influenced by environmental conditions. This circles back to the importance of managing for and maintaining high quality white-tailed deer habitat.

Small Acreage Deer Management

Buck Harvest on Small Tracts?

This brings us to the long-debated discussion about spike bucks. Some hunters believe spike must be harvested. Some are adamant that the protection of spike bucks is a necessity. There is no single, correct answer to this debate. The harvest approach depends on a specific deer population and the goals of the small acreage land manager. The thoughtful harvest of deer is important to be successful at managing deer and their habitat.

I mentioned that environmental conditions influence buck antler quality. This is true for all age classes, but some bucks in each age class will be better or poorer than average. Research has found that some yearling (1 1/2 year old) bucks on poor diets (simulating poor habitat conditions) still developed into 5, 6, 7, and 8-point deer. This is interesting from a research perspective. However, harvesting spikes will not change the genetic composition of a deer herd on a large or small property. Why? Females contribute at least on-half of the genes found in every fawn.

Furthermore, bucks must be allowed to age if the land manager’s goal is to grow and produce mature, quality bucks. That means not shooting bucks when they are young during the deer hunting season. There are situations when the harvest of spikes is warranted, however.

Deer Harvest is Essential

There is a time when shooting spikes is a good idea. It’s not a situation that all properties face. Reducing the overall deer population is important when the deer density of an area is extremely high, even on small acreages. Too few acres per deer leads to low quality habitat, smaller deer, smaller antlers and fewer fawns. Too many deer creates a nutritional stress in deer which leads to more 1 1/2 year old bucks showing up as spikes.

It’s a feedback loop that has to be broken. Too many total deer for the habitat means more (higher percentage) yearling spike bucks. In this situation, the selective harvest of bucks throughout the ag classes is recommended. This means shooting spikes on the yearling end so that those bucks with 5, 6, 7 and 8 points get to pass go. A high deer situation also means the selective harvest of does throughout the ag classes. Deer management is not just shooting bucks!

While we are on the topic, the study found that 95% of spike bucks are yearlings (1 1/2 years old). There is an occasional 2-year old spike out there, but old spikes are very, very rare.

More than Shooting Deer

I understand why managers tend to focus on buck harvest. Love it or hate it, let’s use the commercial deer breeding world as an example. Again, this is just an example. There is not a single deer breeder out there lining up to buy spike-antlered yearling bucks. Why? Because they, like you, know that antler characteristics are highly heritable. The difference is that deer breeding and movement is controlled within a pen.

White-tailed deer management on small acreage is different from management on large acreage. Wild deer move around a lot during the breeding season. There is a good chance that bucks spending a lot of time on your property do not breed the does that spend a lot of time on your property. Furthermore, does can get bred multiple times during an estrus cycle. They can have twin fawns with different sires.

Avoid High Grading Bucks

The standard operating procedure outside of a deer management program is for hunters to shoot the bucks with the most antler points. Under this scenario, these good bucks get harvested early and are not allowed to pass on their much-desired genetics. Under a managed scenario, high-quality young bucks should be protected for later harvest.

Only in high deer density situations should bucks with lower quality antlers be harvested. Again, the objective is not to change the genetics of the deer herd, only to reduce the deer herd and save some young bucks for later harvest. Most small acreage deer management programs will want to protect all young bucks.

Deer Management & Buck:Doe Ratio

I’ve covered t the importance of buck to doe ratio in the past, so review the article for more in-depth information. Buck to doe ratio is very important in determining fawning dates and small acreage managers should shoot for about a 1:2 buck to doe ratio. Larger and/or game-fenced properties can shoot for a more equal buck to doe ratio (1:1), but smaller ranches should carry a few more does than bucks.

In the case of a 1:10 buck to doe ratio, the number of bucks compared to the number of does is not likely not that bad. It’s difficult and rare to have a ratio that skewed. However, do collect deer survey data in late-summer and early-fall. Develop harvest recommendations based on those estimates based on the goals and objectives of the small acreage deer management program. Since it does sound like the land manager has many more does than bucks, it’s high time to trim down the female segment of the deer herd.

Removing excess does (and bucks) will improve fawning dates. The remaining female deer will get bred earlier, during the first estrus cycle. As a result, this will increase fawn survival by providing less competition and more summer food for nursing does. This works perfectly if the property is providing high quality deer habitat. Better fawn survival means more bucks in the future. Better habitat means bigger bucks and a healthy deer herd.

Deer Management on Small Acreage: Part 1

Managing Deer on Small Acreage

Deer management is challenging. Attempting to manage deer on small acreage can be down right frustrating. When I say small acreage, I am referring to properties from 500 acres on down. Simply said, it is very difficult to manage white-tailed deer on small ranches because neighboring properties can influence an area’s deer population. Game-fenced ranches are a different story.

Don’t give up just yet if you own or hunt small acreage. There are still a few things you can do to manage and improve deer in your area. Favorable results can result from a focus on deer habitat improvement and harvest management.

Question: “I am a new hunter who has access to a small (85 acre) piece of property in Edwards County, Texas. I want to improve the quality of deer on the land that I hunt. Due to the very rocky terrain, food plots are out. I also need information on estrus cycles and need to know if the second and third cycle can degrade the quality of offspring. This land has a large number of 2-3 year old spikes and the buck to doe ratio is about 1 to 10. I am seeking any and all information to improve quality of deer.”

Small Acreage Deer Management

Small Acreage Takes Focus

First of all, food plots are fine if the land will support them. However, food plots are not necessary for the management of deer. They are not a cure-all for poor habitat either. Food plots are most important for managers attempting to support deer populations just at or slightly above the carrying capacity of the habitat found on a property. Small food plots are good places to attract deer for harvest., but small plots are not providing supplementation.

Providing supplemental foods will help deer on a ranch, but the first goal of any deer management program is good habitat management. Here is one thing to remember about food plots, especially spring food plots: When deer really need them, they will not grow. When they do grow, the deer do not need them. Small acreage tracts really can not afford to give up space to annual food plots.

Small acreage land managers must focus on good habitat. Manage the plant communities found on the property correctly and then you’ve got native vegetation that produces forage year-round for deer. A white-tailed deer eats about 2,000 pounds of forage annually. Consider managing existing vegetation to improve the growth and quality of foods. This can include brush management, forest thinning, prescribed fire, overseeding of pastures, and the addition of fertilzer. Prescribed harvest will keep deer numbers in line with the habitat, but first you need to know how many deer use the property.

Deer Surveys on Small Acreage

The next objective of a manager is to estimate the current deer population. Deer surveys can estimate the number of acres of habitat available for each deer. After the deer density is estimated, the manager can determine herd composition and harvest objectives. Now, this is where you need to think outside the box, outside property’s boundaries. Habitat management and deer surveys will only get you so far. The next component of a small acreage deer management program is harvest management.

I mentioned earlier that it is very difficult to manage deer on less than 500 acres because of the influence of neighboring properties. Deer have annual home ranges that average about 600 acres or more in size. More often than not, the number one reason management programs fall short is because of heavy harvest pressure on young and middle-aged bucks. The premature harvest of good, young bucks by neighbors is a morale killer of any property’s management program. Just the thought prevents most landowners or lessee from even attempting any type of deer management.

Multiply Deer Management Efforts

We generally discussed what a small ranch can do to benefit white-tailed deer in-house. But what about when deer are not on your property? Another important step outside of providing good habitat and estimating deer numbers is to contact neighboring land managers. This is good for many reasons and may determine if a small acreage property will attempt to manage deer.

First, let surrounding property owners that you are interested in improving the quality of deer. Most landowners are not opposed to better deer. Secondly, ask if they lease out their land or hunt it themselves. If the landowner hunts the property themselves, ask if they would be interested in forming a wildlife cooperative. Multiple properties could be managed under a single management program.

If the landowner leases out the hunting rights, ask for information so that you can contact the lease coordinator. Most hunters that lease land for deer hunting already have some type of deer harvest rules in place. Simple modifications of harvest strategies may be all that is needed to improve the quality of the area’s deer herd.

Managing More than Deer

Some hunters blame “the neighbors” for shooting everything that walks. In turn, they themselves shoot young bucks believing that if they do not—their neighbors will. This often is not the case, but it likely comes from a place of fear or it’s merely a way to justify their own actions. It’s rarely as bad as one thinks although there are some horror stories out there. Communication can provide you the information you need to make an informed decision. Communication between neighboring properties can get everyone on the same page.

Most landowners want better quality deer and are open to forming a wildlife management cooperative. However, some will have no interest in deer management or simply will not want to be restricted in any way on their property. If this is the case, there is nothing you can do except to continue to contact the owners of the other properties surrounding your property. It only takes one neighbor with similar goals to increase the area under management by 2 to 20 times.

Small Acreage, Huge Potential

Many of the issues facing deer management on small acreage ranches have been addressed above. Although the list of issues and solutions is not all-encompassing, the biggest issue is overcoming the lack of land size. Ideally, the best way to manage deer on small properties is to join with neighboring ranches to form wildlife management cooperatives, also known as wildlife management associations. This groups smaller properties into a larger unit and allows for a single, comprehensive management program.

Although not a perfect system for overall deer herd management, wildlife cooperatives do provide the best avenue for harvest management on small acreage ranches. The remainder of the readers question is addressed in this second article, part two of managing deer on small acreage.

Expanding Deer Hunting Opportunities in Grayson County

Deer Hunting in Grayson County

With an estimated statewide deer population of 4 million animals, many Texas hunters take white-tailed deer hunting for granted. However, there are still parts of the state where gun-hunting seasons does not exist. For example, the use of firearms for deer hunting in Grayson County is not allowed. That regulation may change soon.

The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) is considering a proposal to open a general firearms deer season in Grayson County. A public scoping meeting to gather additional landowner and hunter feedback is scheduled in Grayson County on Thursday, January 8, 2009.

Grayson County Judge Drue Bynum has been invited to open the meeting. TPWD Executive Director Carter Smith will facilitate the remainder of the meeting, which will include a short presentation on TPWD’s regulations process. In addition, TPWD will explain the rationale for contemplating a gun deer season in Grayson County.

The Grayson County general firearms deer season issue is part of an extensive suite of potential regulation changes in deer harvest TPWD is considering throughout much of the state. Like many state wildlife departments, TPWD uses hunting regulations to manage hunter harvest on a county level to achieve statewide deer management goals.

Due to increases in deer numbers across the state, and the continuous decline in the average number of animals harvested per hunter, TPWD has proposed more liberal hunting regulations for white-tailed deer over the past few years.

The meeting will take place at Grayson County College’s Center for Work Place Learning Auditorium near Sherman. The auditorium will open at 6 p.m. and the public meeting will begin at 7 p.m. All comments will be recorded and used for the final decision, which will take place at a public commission meeting at TPWD Austin headquarters on March 25-26, 2009. By the next season, those deer hunting in Grayson County may have another option soon.

Hunting Post Rut Whitetail

Hunting Post Rut Whitetail Deer

At this point in the season, most of the whitetail are on the tail-end of the rut. There are a few areas of the state that are notable exceptions. For example, the breeding season and deer hunting in South Texas rut just warming up. However, deer in most parts of the state have finished the first and most important part of the breeding cycle. Successfully hunting post rut whitetail deer generally means shifting strategies.

The “post rut” does necessarily mean ALL breeding activity is over. In fact, does that were not bred during will come back into heat 28 days later. This cycle continues until all does are bred. Bucks will continue to look for these ladies even though two to three breeding cycles have passed. However, with receptive does waning, bucks switch gears. You need to switch gears, too. This article provides still some tactics you can use to be successful at hunting post rut whitetail deer during the late season.

Hunting Post Rut Whitetail Deer

Why Hunting Post Rut Whitetail Deer is Different?

Once the primary rut is over, does will search out winter food sources and start to regroup. Early season deer hunting strategy usually calls for hunters setting up along scrapes or even rub lines. However, the success rate of this technique drops off rapidly after the majority of the rut as occurred.

Rather than looking for buck sign, turn your attention to looking for signs of does. Find the area of the property where you hunt that has the highest concentration of does. Go there. This may not be the place where you normally hunt deer. In fact, that’s a good thing! Deer can pattern hunters just as easy, if not easier, than hunters can pattern deer. After all, the deer are out there all of the time.

Doe, Doe, Doe… Buck!

If there is a single un-bred doe on your hunting property, the odds of you seeing that deer are better where you have the most deer. This should make a lot of sense. However, you would be surprised at the number of hunters that always see deer in one particular area, but never hunt that location. Instead, they continue to drive to their stand and wait it out, hoping that something changes.

Whitetail deer are wise late in the season. Of course, the deer are still out there but they know the score by the time the late season rolls around. Hunting post rut whitetail deer means knowing and adapting to changes in deer behavior. In many cases, deer will not readily approach your food plot or feeder because of recent hunting pressure. Your job is to find out where those deer can be found after the sun comes up and the sun goes down.

Remember, although you are looking for late rut does, you are really only using them to attract a lonely buck to you. Once feeding areas have been identified, it will pay to find bedding areas. The value of bedding areas has been stressed in the literature so much that we are all blue in the face, but it is very important.

Get Cooking with Post Pressure Hunting

Let’s say you are hunting a food plot, a feeder, or an area where deer come to feed on native plants. It doesn’t matter. When deer have been hunted by you, your hunting buddies, and your neighbors, deer get smart. Searching for whitetail does can be the most difficult task, but your post rut success hinges on finding them. Any doe coming into a second or third estrus cycle will leave her scent, but where is she?

In many parts of the country, the doe segment of a deer population has a better age structure than the buck segment. In short, this means unless you are hunting a property that has a good deer management program in place, there are more old does running around than there are old bucks. We all know how this occurs. So yes, many of the does are actually smarter than the bucks we hunt because they have been through hunting season after hunting season after hunting season. And guess what? They are still there.

So what’s next? Simply said, evening feeding patterns are easier to predict than morning feeding patterns. This is because deer know they will bed up nearby after dark, especially during the dark of the moon. A common occurrence is for is for evening-feeding deer to “hang up” in nearby cover before heading out to feed just before sunset. So if you are hunting an evening food source, rest assured that deer are not far away. The trick to is to get to them before your hunting light is gone.

Where to Find Success With Post Rut Deer?

I mentioned deer bedding areas above because they are important. Post rut bucks spend more time resting during the day to recuperate. In addition, they will stay there to avoid all the hunting pressure. Identify thick cover or secluded bedding areas where deer feel safe. Bucks often bed close to both food and water sources. So, what’s the move here?

Set up near well-used trails leading from these bedding areas to potential feeding areas. Hunting post rut whitetail deer is about knowing where a buck will fill his belly.

Hunting Post Rut Whitetail Deer in the Late Season

Best Strategy for Hunting Food Sources Post Rut?

Hunting post rut whitetail deer and food sources go hand-in-hand. This is where hunting setup is important. Let’s say you have identified the highest density of deer the food source these animals are using. In addition, you know where the deer in your area are bedding up after dark.

Hunting between a feeding and bedding area may not payoff on late-feeding deer at this point in the season. However, the trick is to hunt near the food source, but between the food source and the direction the deer are coming from. That’s right, you are going to have to get out of your tripod or box blind and catch them in staging areas.

Once the feeding route is determined, back off the food source by about 100 to 150 yards and set up shop. Make either a small inconspicuous brush blind or use a climbing stand. Make sure you get there before the deer, and watch the wind. At this point, keep an eye out for either a hungry buck or one looking for a needle in a haystack, an unbred doe!

Weather and Hunting Post Rut Whitetail

Weather is the most important factor is late season success. Why? Deer activity increases with cold fronts, snow, or after a storm as they feed to stay warm. Deer need to eat when it gets cold. With this in mind, pay attention to the weather forecast and hunt when weather conditions are in your favor.

The best time for hunting post rut whitetail is immediately before or after weather changes. These changes are when deer are most likely to move. Cold weather gets deer on their feet. Unfortunately, extremely cold weather is also tough on hunters. Be prepared for long sits in colder conditions and dress accordingly.